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public class Car { |
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private final String licensePlate; // 车牌号(不可变)
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private String brand; // 品牌
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private String model; // 型号
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private double dailyRent; // 日租金
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private boolean isRented; // 是否已租出
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// 静态变量:统计车辆总数
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private static int totalCars = 0; |
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// 全参构造方法
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public Car(String licensePlate, String brand, String model, double dailyRent) { |
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this.licensePlate = licensePlate; |
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this.brand = brand; |
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this.model = model; |
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setDailyRent(dailyRent); // 通过setter赋值,自动校验
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this.isRented = false; // 初始状态为未租出
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totalCars++; // 每创建一个对象,总数+1
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} |
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// 三参构造方法(日租金默认300)
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public Car(String licensePlate, String brand, String model) { |
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this(licensePlate, brand, model, 300.0); |
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} |
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// Getter/Setter
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public String getLicensePlate() { |
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return licensePlate; |
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} |
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public String getBrand() { |
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return brand; |
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} |
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public void setBrand(String brand) { |
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this.brand = brand; |
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} |
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public String getModel() { |
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return model; |
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} |
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public void setModel(String model) { |
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this.model = model; |
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} |
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public double getDailyRent() { |
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return dailyRent; |
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} |
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public void setDailyRent(double dailyRent) { |
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if (dailyRent > 0) { |
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this.dailyRent = dailyRent; |
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} else { |
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System.out.println("日租金必须大于0,设置失败!"); |
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} |
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} |
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public boolean isRented() { |
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return isRented; |
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} |
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// 业务方法:租车
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public void rentCar() { |
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if (isRented) { |
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System.out.println("车辆已租出,无法再次租出!"); |
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} else { |
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isRented = true; |
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System.out.println("车辆租出成功!"); |
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} |
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} |
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// 业务方法:还车
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public void returnCar() { |
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if (!isRented) { |
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System.out.println("车辆未被租用,无需归还!"); |
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} else { |
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isRented = false; |
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System.out.println("车辆归还成功!"); |
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} |
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} |
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// 业务方法:计算租金
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public double calculateRent(int days) { |
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return dailyRent * days; |
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} |
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// 静态方法:获取车辆总数
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public static int getTotalCars() { |
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return totalCars; |
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} |
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// 打印车辆信息
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public void displayInfo() { |
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System.out.println("车牌号:" + licensePlate + |
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",品牌:" + brand + |
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",型号:" + model + |
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",日租金:" + dailyRent + |
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"元/天,状态:" + (isRented ? "已租出" : "可租")); |
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} |
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} |
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public class CarTest { |
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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// 创建3个Car对象(使用不同构造方法)
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Car car1 = new Car("京A12345", "丰田", "凯美瑞", 280.0); |
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Car car2 = new Car("沪B67890", "本田", "雅阁"); |
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Car car3 = new Car("粤C13579", "大众", "帕萨特", 320.0); |
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// 打印所有车辆信息
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System.out.println("=== 初始车辆信息 ==="); |
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car1.displayInfo(); |
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car2.displayInfo(); |
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car3.displayInfo(); |
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// 测试租车业务
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System.out.println("\n=== 测试租车业务 ==="); |
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car1.rentCar(); // 正常租出
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car1.rentCar(); // 重复租出,提示错误
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car1.returnCar(); // 正常还车
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car1.returnCar(); // 重复还车,提示错误
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// 测试计算租金
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System.out.println("\n=== 测试租金计算 ==="); |
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double rent = car2.calculateRent(5); |
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System.out.println("车辆" + car2.getLicensePlate() + "租赁5天,总租金:" + rent + "元"); |
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// 测试日租金非法值
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System.out.println("\n=== 测试日租金非法值 ==="); |
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car3.setDailyRent(-100); // 输入负数,提示错误
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System.out.println("修改后日租金:" + car3.getDailyRent() + "元/天"); |
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// 测试静态变量
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System.out.println("\n=== 车辆总数统计 ==="); |
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System.out.println("当前创建的车辆总数:" + Car.getTotalCars() + " 辆"); |
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} |
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} |
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本次Java车辆管理系统Car类实验中,AI辅助完成需求拆解与代码规范校验。根据实验要求,AI协助梳理Car类私有属性、构造方法重载、getter/setter数据校验、业务方法逻辑等核心要点,排查this()调用、isRented状态控制等易错点,优化静态变量统计逻辑,同时生成测试用例覆盖合法/非法操作场景,提升代码完整性与可测试性。AI还辅助规范实验报告结构,明确类图绘制、代码注释、运行结果分析等要求,提高实验效率与代码质量,全程遵循实验评分标准,确保功能符合封装、数据校验等核心要求。 |
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 101 KiB |
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1. 编译: javac com/rental/Car.java com/rental/TestCar.java |
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2. 运行: java com.rental.TestCar |
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3. 测试覆盖: |
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- 不同构造方法创建车辆 |
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- 重复租车/重复还车的异常提示 |
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- 非法日租金修改的校验 |
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- 租金计算功能 |
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- 车辆总数统计 |
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实验要点 |
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- 封装:私有属性+受控访问,保护对象状态合法性 |
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- 构造方法重载与 this() 调用 |
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- 数据校验:在setter和业务方法中做合法性检查 |
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- 状态控制:通过业务方法而非直接修改属性,避免非法状态 |
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