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/** |
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* 练习1:动物叫声系统 |
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* 需求:使用抽象类和接口改进动物系统 |
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* 1. 创建抽象类Animal,包含抽象方法makeSound() |
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* 2. 创建Dog和Cat继承Animal |
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* 3. 创建接口Swimmable,包含方法swim() |
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* 4. 让Dog实现Swimmable,Cat不实现 |
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* 5. 在main方法中测试多态调用 |
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*/ |
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// 游泳接口:定义会游泳的动物的行为规范
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interface Swimmable { |
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/** |
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* 游泳方法 |
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*/ |
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void swim(); |
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} |
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// 抽象动物类:所有动物的父类,定义通用行为
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abstract class Animal { |
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/** |
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* 抽象方法:发出声音,由具体子类实现 |
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*/ |
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public abstract void makeSound(); |
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} |
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// 狗类:继承Animal,实现Swimmable接口(会游泳)
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class Dog extends Animal implements Swimmable { |
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/** |
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* 实现抽象方法:狗的叫声 |
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*/ |
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@Override |
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public void makeSound() { |
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System.out.println("汪汪汪!"); |
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} |
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/** |
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* 实现Swimmable接口:狗的游泳行为 |
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*/ |
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@Override |
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public void swim() { |
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System.out.println("小狗在水里游泳~"); |
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} |
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} |
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// 猫类:仅继承Animal,不实现Swimmable(不会游泳)
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class Cat extends Animal { |
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/** |
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* 实现抽象方法:猫的叫声 |
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*/ |
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@Override |
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public void makeSound() { |
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System.out.println("喵喵喵~"); |
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} |
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} |
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// 主类:包含main方法,用于测试多态调用
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public class AnimalSystem { |
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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// 1. 多态创建动物数组:父类引用指向子类对象
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Animal[] animals = {new Dog(), new Cat()}; |
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// 2. 多态调用makeSound()方法,体现面向对象多态特性
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System.out.println("===== 动物叫声测试 ====="); |
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for (Animal animal : animals) { |
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animal.makeSound(); |
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} |
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// 3. 测试游泳能力:只有实现Swimmable接口的Dog可以调用swim()
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System.out.println("\n===== 游泳能力测试 ====="); |
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for (Animal animal : animals) { |
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// 类型判断:安全转型,避免类型转换异常
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if (animal instanceof Swimmable) { |
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((Swimmable) animal).swim(); |
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} else { |
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System.out.println(animal.getClass().getSimpleName() + "不会游泳"); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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