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// 抽象图形类
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abstract class Shape { |
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public abstract double getArea(); |
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} |
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// 圆形类
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class Circle extends Shape { |
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private double radius; |
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public Circle(double radius) { |
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this.radius = radius; |
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} |
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@Override |
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public double getArea() { |
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return Math.PI * radius * radius; |
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} |
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} |
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// 矩形类
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class Rectangle extends Shape { |
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private double width; |
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private double height; |
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public Rectangle(double width, double height) { |
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this.width = width; |
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this.height = height; |
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} |
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@Override |
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public double getArea() { |
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return width * height; |
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} |
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} |
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// 三角形类
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class Triangle extends Shape { |
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private double base; |
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private double height; |
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public Triangle(double base, double height) { |
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this.base = base; |
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this.height = height; |
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} |
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@Override |
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public double getArea() { |
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return 0.5 * base * height; |
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} |
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} |
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// 工具类
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class ShapeUtil { |
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public static void printArea(Shape shape) { |
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System.out.printf("面积:%.2f%n", shape.getArea()); |
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} |
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} |
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// 主类(程序入口)
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public class Main { |
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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ShapeUtil.printArea(new Circle(5)); |
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ShapeUtil.printArea(new Rectangle(4, 6)); |
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ShapeUtil.printArea(new Triangle(3, 4)); |
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} |
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} |
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@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ |
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实验报告 |
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1. 实验目的 |
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通过抽象类和继承重构图形面积计算器,实现代码的复用、扩展和统一管理。 |
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2. 实验步骤 |
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设计抽象类Shape,定义抽象方法getArea() |
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编写Circle/Rectangle/Triangle继承Shape,实现各自的面积计算 |
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编写工具类ShapeUtil,提供统一的printArea方法 |
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绘制 UML 类图 |
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分析组合与继承的区别,完成实验反思 |
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3.AI使用情况 |
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AI帮助完成并修改代码 |
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`public` 类只能有一个:一个文件里只能有一个 `public` 类,其他类必须是默认访问权限(不加修饰符) |
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将文件命名为Shape而无法运行,询问AI并指出应修改为Main,与类名保持一致 |
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询问AI进一步了解组合,继承,多态 |
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4.组合vs继承 |
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此次代码使用的是继承,这是典型的 is-a 关系:圆形 是一个 图形、矩形 是一个 图形。 |
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继承适合层级明确、逻辑统一的场景,能很好体现多态(AI总结为多态是面向对象的三大特性之一,指父类引用可以指向子类对象,在调用同名方法时,会根据实际对象类型执行对应子类的实现,呈现出不同行为) |
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继承:是一种(is‑a)继承:学生 是一个 人 → Student extends Person |
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组合:有一个(has‑a)组合:电脑 有一个 屏幕 → Computer { private Screen screen; } |
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继承实现方式:子类继承抽象父类,重写抽象方法 |
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组合实现:把其他类对象作为成员变量 |
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继承的特点有: |
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结构清晰,符合现实逻辑(图形→具体图形) |
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利用多态:Shape shape = new Circle(…) |
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代码复用:统一接口 getArea() |
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扩展方便:新增图形只需新增子类,不改动原有代码 |
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组合的特点有: |
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耦合度低,更灵活 |
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不受 Java 单继承限制 |
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方便复用多个类的功能 |
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 4.5 MiB |
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 399 KiB |
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