# 濒危动物爬虫系统类图

## 整体架构类图

```mermaid
classDiagram
    %% MVC架构
    class CrawlerController {
        -CrawlerView view
        -CrawlerContext context
        -List~Animal~ animals
        -CommandManager commandManager
        +start()
        +processCommand(String input)
        +setDataSource(String sourceType)
        +crawlData()
        +listData()
        +saveData(String filePath)
        +visualizeData()
    }
    
    class CrawlerView {
        +showWelcome()
        +showHelp()
        +showDataSources()
        +showAnimals(List~Animal~ animals)
        +showError(String message)
        +showExit()
    }
    
    class Animal {
        -String name
        -String scientificName
        -String category
        -String status
        -String habitat
        -String description
        -int population
        +getName()
        +setName(String name)
        +getScientificName()
        +setScientificName(String scientificName)
        +getCategory()
        +setCategory(String category)
        +getStatus()
        +setStatus(String status)
        +getHabitat()
        +setHabitat(String habitat)
        +getDescription()
        +setDescription(String description)
        +getPopulation()
        +setPopulation(int population)
        +toString()
    }
    
    %% 策略模式
    class CrawlerStrategy {
        <<interface>>
        +getDataSourceName() String
        +getDataSourceUrl() String
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class CrawlerContext {
        -CrawlerStrategy strategy
        +setStrategy(CrawlerStrategy strategy)
        +getStrategy() CrawlerStrategy
        +getStrategyName() String
        +getStrategyUrl() String
        +executeStrategy() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class ChinaRedListStrategy {
        +getDataSourceName() String
        +getDataSourceUrl() String
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class WWFStrategy {
        +getDataSourceName() String
        +getDataSourceUrl() String
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class IUCNStrategy {
        +getDataSourceName() String
        +getDataSourceUrl() String
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    %% Command模式
    class Command {
        <<interface>>
        +execute()
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    class CommandManager {
        -List~Command~ commands
        +addCommand(Command command)
        +executeAll()
        +clear()
    }
    
    class CrawlCommand {
        -CrawlerContext context
        -List~Animal~ result
        +execute()
        +getResult() List~Animal~
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    class SaveCommand {
        -List~Animal~ animals
        -String filePath
        +execute()
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    class ListCommand {
        -List~Animal~ animals
        +execute()
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    class SetStrategyCommand {
        -CrawlerContext context
        -String sourceType
        +execute()
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    class VisualizeCommand {
        -List~Animal~ animals
        +execute()
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    %% 异常体系
    class CrawlerException {
        +CrawlerException(String message)
        +CrawlerException(String message, Throwable cause)
    }
    
    class NetworkException {
        +NetworkException(String message)
        +NetworkException(String message, Throwable cause)
    }
    
    class ParseException {
        +ParseException(String message)
        +ParseException(String message, Throwable cause)
    }
    
    class StorageException {
        +StorageException(String message)
        +StorageException(String message, Throwable cause)
    }
    
    class InvalidCommandException {
        +InvalidCommandException(String message)
    }
    
    class DataSourceException {
        +DataSourceException(String message)
        +DataSourceException(String message, Throwable cause)
    }
    
    %% 可视化
    class AnimalVisualization {
        +createStatusDistributionChart(List~Animal~ animals)
        +createPopulationChart(List~Animal~ animals)
    }
    
    %% 主入口
    class Main {
        +main(String[] args)
    }
    
    %% 关系定义
    CrawlerController --> CrawlerView : uses
    CrawlerController --> CrawlerContext : uses
    CrawlerController --> CommandManager : uses
    CrawlerController --> Animal : manages
    
    CrawlerContext --> CrawlerStrategy : uses
    CrawlerStrategy <|.. ChinaRedListStrategy : implements
    CrawlerStrategy <|.. WWFStrategy : implements
    CrawlerStrategy <|.. IUCNStrategy : implements
    
    Command <|.. CrawlCommand : implements
    Command <|.. SaveCommand : implements
    Command <|.. ListCommand : implements
    Command <|.. SetStrategyCommand : implements
    Command <|.. VisualizeCommand : implements
    
    CommandManager --> Command : manages
    
    CrawlCommand --> CrawlerContext : uses
    CrawlCommand --> Animal : produces
    SaveCommand --> Animal : uses
    ListCommand --> Animal : uses
    SetStrategyCommand --> CrawlerContext : uses
    VisualizeCommand --> Animal : uses
    VisualizeCommand --> AnimalVisualization : uses
    
    CrawlerException <|-- NetworkException : extends
    CrawlerException <|-- ParseException : extends
    CrawlerException <|-- StorageException : extends
    CrawlerException <|-- InvalidCommandException : extends
    CrawlerException <|-- DataSourceException : extends
    
    Main --> CrawlerController : creates
```

## 设计模式详解

### 1. MVC架构

```mermaid
classDiagram
    class Model {
        <<package>>
        Animal
    }
    
    class View {
        <<package>>
        CrawlerView
    }
    
    class Controller {
        <<package>>
        CrawlerController
    }
    
    Model <-- Controller : manipulates
    View <-- Controller : updates
    Model <-- View : displays
```

**说明：**
- **Model (模型层)**：`Animal` 类，负责数据存储和管理
- **View (视图层)**：`CrawlerView` 类，负责用户界面显示
- **Controller (控制器层)**：`CrawlerController` 类，负责业务逻辑处理

### 2. 策略模式 (Strategy Pattern)

```mermaid
classDiagram
    class CrawlerStrategy {
        <<interface>>
        +getDataSourceName() String
        +getDataSourceUrl() String
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class CrawlerContext {
        -CrawlerStrategy strategy
        +setStrategy(CrawlerStrategy strategy)
        +executeStrategy() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class ChinaRedListStrategy {
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class WWFStrategy {
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    class IUCNStrategy {
        +crawl() List~Animal~
    }
    
    CrawlerStrategy <|.. ChinaRedListStrategy
    CrawlerStrategy <|.. WWFStrategy
    CrawlerStrategy <|.. IUCNStrategy
    CrawlerContext --> CrawlerStrategy
```

**说明：**
- **策略接口**：`CrawlerStrategy` 定义爬虫策略的标准行为
- **上下文类**：`CrawlerContext` 持有策略对象，可以动态切换策略
- **具体策略**：`ChinaRedListStrategy`、`WWFStrategy`、`IUCNStrategy` 实现不同网站的爬取策略

### 3. Command模式 (命令模式)

```mermaid
classDiagram
    class Command {
        <<interface>>
        +execute()
        +getName() String
        +getDescription() String
    }
    
    class CommandManager {
        -List~Command~ commands
        +addCommand(Command command)
        +executeAll()
    }
    
    class CrawlCommand {
        -CrawlerContext context
        +execute()
    }
    
    class SaveCommand {
        -List~Animal~ animals
        +execute()
    }
    
    class ListCommand {
        -List~Animal~ animals
        +execute()
    }
    
    class VisualizeCommand {
        -List~Animal~ animals
        +execute()
    }
    
    Command <|.. CrawlCommand
    Command <|.. SaveCommand
    Command <|.. ListCommand
    Command <|.. VisualizeCommand
    CommandManager --> Command
```

**说明：**
- **命令接口**：`Command` 定义命令的标准行为
- **命令管理器**：`CommandManager` 管理和执行命令
- **具体命令**：`CrawlCommand`、`SaveCommand`、`ListCommand`、`VisualizeCommand` 实现具体操作

### 4. 异常体系

```mermaid
classDiagram
    class Exception {
        <<Java标准类>>
    }
    
    class CrawlerException {
        +CrawlerException(String message)
        +CrawlerException(String message, Throwable cause)
    }
    
    class NetworkException {
        +NetworkException(String message)
    }
    
    class ParseException {
        +ParseException(String message)
    }
    
    class StorageException {
        +StorageException(String message)
    }
    
    class InvalidCommandException {
        +InvalidCommandException(String message)
    }
    
    class DataSourceException {
        +DataSourceException(String message)
    }
    
    Exception <|-- CrawlerException
    CrawlerException <|-- NetworkException
    CrawlerException <|-- ParseException
    CrawlerException <|-- StorageException
    CrawlerException <|-- InvalidCommandException
    CrawlerException <|-- DataSourceException
```

**说明：**
- **基类**：`CrawlerException` 继承自Java标准 `Exception`
- **子类异常**：
  - `NetworkException`：网络相关异常
  - `ParseException`：数据解析异常
  - `StorageException`：文件存储异常
  - `InvalidCommandException`：无效命令异常
  - `DataSourceException`：数据源异常

## 包结构图

```mermaid
graph TB
    subgraph com.animal
        crawler[crawler包]
        controller[controller包]
        view[view包]
        model[model包]
        strategy[strategy包]
        command[command包]
        exception[exception包]
        visualization[visualization包]
    end
    
    crawler --> Main
    controller --> CrawlerController
    view --> CrawlerView
    model --> Animal
    strategy --> CrawlerStrategy
    strategy --> CrawlerContext
    strategy --> ChinaRedListStrategy
    strategy --> WWFStrategy
    strategy --> IUCNStrategy
    command --> Command
    command --> CommandManager
    command --> CrawlCommand
    command --> SaveCommand
    command --> ListCommand
    command --> VisualizeCommand
    exception --> CrawlerException
    exception --> NetworkException
    exception --> ParseException
    exception --> StorageException
    visualization --> AnimalVisualization
```

## 类之间的关系总结

| 关系类型 | 类A | 类B | 说明 |
|---------|-----|-----|------|
| 依赖 | CrawlerController | CrawlerView | 控制器使用视图显示信息 |
| 依赖 | CrawlerController | CrawlerContext | 控制器使用上下文管理策略 |
| 依赖 | CrawlerController | CommandManager | 控制器使用命令管理器 |
| 实现 | ChinaRedListStrategy | CrawlerStrategy | 实现爬虫策略接口 |
| 实现 | WWFStrategy | CrawlerStrategy | 实现爬虫策略接口 |
| 实现 | IUCNStrategy | CrawlerStrategy | 实现爬虫策略接口 |
| 实现 | CrawlCommand | Command | 实现命令接口 |
| 实现 | SaveCommand | Command | 实现命令接口 |
| 继承 | NetworkException | CrawlerException | 继承基础异常类 |
| 继承 | ParseException | CrawlerException | 继承基础异常类 |
| 关联 | CrawlerContext | CrawlerStrategy | 上下文持有策略对象 |
| 关联 | CrawlCommand | CrawlerContext | 命令使用上下文对象 |