// 抽象类 Animal abstract class Animal { public abstract void makeSound(); } // 接口 Swimmable interface Swimmable { void swim(); } // Dog 类继承 Animal 并实现 Swimmable class Dog extends Animal implements Swimmable { @Override public void makeSound() { System.out.println("狗叫:汪汪汪!"); } @Override public void swim() { System.out.println("狗会游泳,正在狗刨式前进..."); } } // Cat 类继承 Animal,不实现 Swimmable class Cat extends Animal { @Override public void makeSound() { System.out.println("猫叫:喵喵喵~"); } } // 测试主类 public class AnimalSystem { public static void main(String[] args) { // 多态调用:父类引用指向子类对象 Animal dog = new Dog(); Animal cat = new Cat(); System.out.println("===== 动物叫声系统 ====="); dog.makeSound(); cat.makeSound(); System.out.println("\n===== 游泳测试 ====="); // Dog 实现了 Swimmable,可以调用 swim() if (dog instanceof Swimmable) { ((Swimmable) dog).swim(); } // Cat 没有实现 Swimmable,不能调用 swim() if (cat instanceof Swimmable) { ((Swimmable) cat).swim(); } else { System.out.println("猫不会游泳,所以不能调用 swim() 方法"); } System.out.println("\n===== 完整多态演示 ====="); // 使用 Swimmable 接口类型引用 Dog 对象 Swimmable swimmableDog = new Dog(); swimmableDog.swim(); // 验证 Dog 和 Cat 的类型 System.out.println("\ndog 是 Dog 的实例?" + (dog instanceof Dog)); System.out.println("dog 是 Swimmable 的实例?" + (dog instanceof Swimmable)); System.out.println("cat 是 Swimmable 的实例?" + (cat instanceof Swimmable)); } }