diff --git a/w11/exception/CrawlerException.java b/w11/exception/CrawlerException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff2583c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/w11/exception/CrawlerException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.crawler.exception;
+
+public class CrawlerException extends RuntimeException {
+    public CrawlerException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public CrawlerException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/w11/exception/NetworkException.java b/w11/exception/NetworkException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d8b9e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/w11/exception/NetworkException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.crawler.exception;
+
+public class NetworkException extends CrawlerException {
+    public NetworkException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/w11/exception/ParseException.java b/w11/exception/ParseException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9248f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/w11/exception/ParseException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.crawler.exception;
+
+public class ParseException extends CrawlerException {
+    public ParseException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public ParseException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/w11/exception/UrlFormatException.java b/w11/exception/UrlFormatException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a60fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/w11/exception/UrlFormatException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.crawler.exception;
+
+public class UrlFormatException extends CrawlerException {
+    public UrlFormatException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public UrlFormatException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/w11/util/ColorUtil.java b/w11/util/ColorUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6003abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/w11/util/ColorUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.crawler.util;
+
+public class ColorUtil {
+    public static final String RESET = "\u001B[0m";
+    public static final String BLACK = "\u001B[30m";
+    public static final String RED = "\u001B[31m";
+    public static final String GREEN = "\u001B[32m";
+    public static final String YELLOW = "\u001B[33m";
+    public static final String BLUE = "\u001B[34m";
+    public static final String PURPLE = "\u001B[35m";
+    public static final String CYAN = "\u001B[36m";
+    public static final String WHITE = "\u001B[37m";
+
+    public static final String BLACK_BG = "\u001B[40m";
+    public static final String RED_BG = "\u001B[41m";
+    public static final String GREEN_BG = "\u001B[42m";
+    public static final String YELLOW_BG = "\u001B[43m";
+    public static final String BLUE_BG = "\u001B[44m";
+    public static final String PURPLE_BG = "\u001B[45m";
+    public static final String CYAN_BG = "\u001B[46m";
+    public static final String WHITE_BG = "\u001B[47m";
+
+    public static String colorize(String text, String color) {
+        return color + text + RESET;
+    }
+
+    public static String green(String text) {
+        return colorize(text, GREEN);
+    }
+
+    public static String red(String text) {
+        return colorize(text, RED);
+    }
+
+    public static String yellow(String text) {
+        return colorize(text, YELLOW);
+    }
+
+    public static String blue(String text) {
+        return colorize(text, BLUE);
+    }
+
+    public static String cyan(String text) {
+        return colorize(text, CYAN);
+    }
+
+    public static String purple(String text) {
+        return colorize(text, PURPLE);
+    }
+
+    public static String bold(String text) {
+        return "\u001B[1m" + text + RESET;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/w11/util/DataPersistence.java b/w11/util/DataPersistence.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9734128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/w11/util/DataPersistence.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package com.crawler.util;
+
+import com.crawler.model.Article;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DataPersistence {
+    private static final String DATA_FOLDER = "data";
+    private static final String INDEX_FILE = DATA_FOLDER + File.separator + "index.txt";
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter DATE_FORMATTER = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
+
+    static {
+        File folder = new File(DATA_FOLDER);
+        if (!folder.exists()) {
+            folder.mkdirs();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void saveArticles(List<Article> articles) {
+        try {
+            for (Article article : articles) {
+                saveSingleArticle(article);
+            }
+            saveIndex(articles);
+            System.out.println(ColorUtil.green("✓ Saved " + articles.size() + " articles to '" + DATA_FOLDER + "' folder"));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println(ColorUtil.red("✗ Failed to save articles: " + e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void saveSingleArticle(Article article) throws IOException {
+        String filename = DATA_FOLDER + File.separator + "article_" + article.getId() + ".txt";
+        try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filename), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+            writer.write("========================================\n");
+            writer.write("           文章详细信息\n");
+            writer.write("========================================\n\n");
+            writer.write("ID: " + article.getId() + "\n");
+            writer.write("标题: " + article.getTitle() + "\n");
+            writer.write("URL: " + article.getUrl() + "\n");
+            if (article.getAuthor() != null) {
+                writer.write("作者: " + article.getAuthor() + "\n");
+            }
+            if (article.getSource() != null) {
+                writer.write("来源: " + article.getSource() + "\n");
+            }
+            if (article.getPublishDate() != null) {
+                writer.write("发布时间: " + article.getPublishDate().format(DATE_FORMATTER) + "\n");
+            }
+            writer.write("爬取时间: " + article.getCrawlDate().format(DATE_FORMATTER) + "\n");
+            writer.write("\n========================================\n");
+            writer.write("           文章内容\n");
+            writer.write("========================================\n");
+            if (article.getContent() != null) {
+                writer.write(article.getContent());
+            }
+            writer.write("\n\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void saveIndex(List<Article> articles) throws IOException {
+        try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(INDEX_FILE), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+            writer.write("========================================\n");
+            writer.write("           文章索引\n");
+            writer.write("========================================\n\n");
+            writer.write("共有 " + articles.size() + " 篇文章\n\n");
+            
+            for (Article article : articles) {
+                writer.write("[" + article.getId() + "] " + article.getTitle() + "\n");
+                writer.write("    URL: " + article.getUrl() + "\n");
+                writer.write("    文件名: article_" + article.getId() + ".txt\n");
+                if (article.getCrawlDate() != null) {
+                    writer.write("    爬取时间: " + article.getCrawlDate().format(DATE_FORMATTER) + "\n");
+                }
+                writer.write("\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static List<Article> loadArticles() {
+        List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>();
+        File indexFile = new File(INDEX_FILE);
+        if (!indexFile.exists()) {
+            return articles;
+        }
+
+        File folder = new File(DATA_FOLDER);
+        File[] files = folder.listFiles((dir, name) -> name.startsWith("article_") && name.endsWith(".txt"));
+        
+        if (files != null) {
+            for (File file : files) {
+                try {
+                    Article article = loadSingleArticle(file);
+                    if (article != null) {
+                        articles.add(article);
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    System.err.println(ColorUtil.yellow("⚠ 无法加载文件: " + file.getName()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        System.out.println(ColorUtil.green("✓ Loaded " + articles.size() + " articles from '" + DATA_FOLDER + "' folder"));
+        return articles;
+    }
+
+    private static Article loadSingleArticle(File file) throws IOException {
+        Article article = new Article();
+        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+            String line;
+            StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
+            boolean inContent = false;
+            
+            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                if (line.contains("文章内容")) {
+                    inContent = true;
+                    // Skip the next separator line
+                    reader.readLine();
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                if (!inContent) {
+                    if (line.startsWith("ID: ")) {
+                        article.setId(line.substring(4));
+                    } else if (line.startsWith("标题: ")) {
+                        article.setTitle(line.substring(4));
+                    } else if (line.startsWith("URL: ")) {
+                        article.setUrl(line.substring(5));
+                    } else if (line.startsWith("作者: ")) {
+                        article.setAuthor(line.substring(4));
+                    } else if (line.startsWith("来源: ")) {
+                        article.setSource(line.substring(4));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (content.length() > 0) {
+                        content.append("\n");
+                    }
+                    content.append(line);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            if (content.length() > 0) {
+                article.setContent(content.toString());
+            }
+        }
+        return article;
+    }
+}